Impeovement in non-oonductoes of heajf



damn Q0 1-) JAMES oHALME s, or LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO JAMEs GHAL- Mans, JR, or SAME PLACE. V

Lam Patent N5. 80,709, dated August 4, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN non-connucrons or HEMP.

tits fizlpnde were In a flgin Elaine ifimfmt nit making and. at tlge tame.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: v

Be it mown that I, JAMES CHALMEIt, of London, England, have'in'vented certain Improvements in Non- Oonduetors of Heat; and do hereby declare that'the following is a full and exact description thereof. 4

This invention has for its object the prevention of the radiationof heat from steam-engine boilers and pipes and other heated surfaces to protect water-pipes, cisterns,.conduits, and other receptacles for fluids or other substances, from frost and cold, and generally to serve as an insulator of heat. It consists of a plastic compound of the following materials:

To make, say, two hundred pounds in weight of the non condactor compound, I. take one hundred pounds of glutinous or any strong clay, and fifty pounds of clay-marl, fullers earth, or' any light silieious clay or, loam, free from stones or gravel. I then add about twenty-five pounds in weight of Water, and stir or grind in a vesse or machine till the miazhureacipiiles the censisteune of a *thin. pastel ,Ehen Lgradna ly add as stirring or grinding proceeds, twenty pounds of partly-charred or calcined wood saw-dust, which, during the piss cess of calcination, has one pound of soot, and one pound of the refuse of lubricating-oil, or grease, or other fatty matter, added to it, to darken the color, and prevent the burning or charring of the woody fibre of the saw-dust; then fourv pounds of wood pulp, (such as used in paper-making,) and four pounds of other pulp or fibre, made from old manilla rope, China. grass, or other-suitable substance. Then, finally, I add 'four pounds of boots, dissolved or ground, and mixed with six pounds in weight of any fish-oil, vegetable oil, or other suflicientlyfatty substance. The stirring or grinding is then continued till thecompound is thoroughly mixed, and forms a paste of about the consistence of common plaster-mortar ivhen ready to be applied. I

The proportions of the above-mentioned ingredients may be varied, or others of a similar nature, or equivalent in their chemical properties, used instead.

The mode of applying the non-conductor compound is similar to thatradopted by plasterers in coating walls or other surfaces. It can be applied in several coats or layers until the requisite thickness is -obtained, which may vary, according to circumstances, from half an inch .to two and a half inches.

Compositions of a similar nature and for a similar object have been patented and tried in Great Britain, and other countries, which, for lack' of sufiicient cohesive and non-conducting qualities, or other causes, have been only partially used. I therefore do not claim the invention of anon-conducting composition to prevent the radiation of heat; but I 7 What I do claim as my invention is v i The mixture, in the proportions above described, of glutinous and silicious clay, as the basis of a non-. conducting compound, the calcination or half-eharring of saw-dust, in the manner proposed, so as to preserve its fibrous nature and non-conducting qualities, andthe use of woodand other pulp or fibre, and hoofs, prepared as above, for binding and consolidating the non-conductor compound,'and for adding to its non-conducting qualities. Y

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses JAMES GHALMERS,

Witnesses:

G. F. WARREN, Jenn DEAN,

gBoth of No. 17 Grac'echurch Street, London. 1 

